The central nervous system tumor (tumor of the central nervous system) originated in the central nervous system within the organization or structure of a group of benign and malignant diseases, lesions mainly located in intracranial and spinal canal, except the cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, infection, with special clinical significance of the most common central nervous system disorders, with high morbidity and mortality.
classification
Tumors are classified as benign and malignant.
Benign tumors
It mainly includes meningioma, pituitary tumor, craniopharyngioma, schwannoma and so on. Most of these tumors are characterized by swelling growth, slow growth and most of them have a complete capsule.
2. Malignant tumor
It mainly includes glioma, ependymoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, central nervous system lymphoma, germ cell tumor, metastatic tumor, etc. Among them, glioma is the most common primary tumor type within the skull, accounting for 40% ~ 50%. Malignant tumors are characterized by invasive growth, generally without capsule and indistinct boundaries from surrounding tissues.
Clinical manifestations of
The clinical manifestations of central nervous system tumors can be divided into two categories. One is due to the effect of occupying the symptoms of high intracranial pressure, mainly manifested as headache, nausea, jet vomiting, fundus examination can have papilledema; Another kind is the symptom of fixed position nervous system that causes as a result of tumor destroy normal organization, main show is obstacle of motion, feeling, epileptic fit to wait, some still can accompany the change of mood or personality.
check
1. Laboratory examination
Lumbar puncture should be performed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for biochemical and cytological examination for central nervous system tumors with a tendency of cerebrospinal fluid dissemination.
2. Pathological examination
Pathological examination was performed using tissue samples obtained by tumor resection or biopsy. Generally, the malignant degree of lesions is divided into grade I, II, III and IV according to WHO grading system. The higher the grade, the higher the malignant degree.
3. Imaging examination
MRI/CT/PET, among which MRI is the most valuable examination method. Typical imaging findings include: (1) tumor in enhanced imaging with enhanced performance; (2) peritumor edema was obvious; (3) tumor necrosis and so on. Contrast-enhanced MRI (or CT) is usually performed 24 to 72 hours after surgery to clarify the tumor resection scope, residual sites and their relationship with adjacent important tissue structures.
USA
Related case
